Weapon practice in Aikido

In the beginning of 2005 Lewis Bernaldo de Quiros sent an email in which the structure and the rationale of Iwama style Aikido are described. The content is clear, crisp and a very worthwhile reading for Aikido practitioners in general and Iwama people in particular. The following is part two in which weapon practice is rationalized.

Bukiwaza and it's place in Aikido.

At the present time, the question of weapons and it's place in Aikido is divided mainly among three groups:
those who claim that weapons are not important, those who have incorporated weapon systems from other traditional weapon schools into Aikido and the weapon system handed down from O Sensei to Saito Sensei (itself a system rooted in older traditional systems and transformed by O Sensei in the light of his understanding of Budo).

O Sensei was apparently cautious in both teaching his weapon system and in giving permission to instructors in teaching it themselves. Saito sensei studied with him for over 24 years and to my knowledge was the only recognized successor to this particular body of knowledge. Many of O Sensei's other students were already well conversant (if not already masters) with other weapon systems and later when becoming teachers in their own right readily incorporated this background into their own understanding and teaching of Aikido.

From what I have seen, this has become the dominant weapons influence in the Aikido world today:
the result being in fact a hybrid system consisting on the one hand of Aikido taijutsu and on the other, Iaido, Kenjutsu and Jodo techniques incorporated and themselves modified by the movements and principles of the empty handed side of the art. The value of such an 'incorporation' is certainly debatable and can be argued either way. It is however beyond argument that the original spirit behind these arts is fundamentally different from Aikido. Iado is the Art of Killing 'through unsheathing the sword' and Kenjutsu is the Art of Killing 'with the unsheathed sword'. Aikido is fundamentally not about defeating or killing the other but about reconciliation and neutralization of conflict. O Sensei also made this patently clear through the writings and poems he left behind. It is this going beyond the dichotomies of either winning or losing, killing or being killed which sets Aikido apart as a unique Martial Art and makes it particularly relevant (to my mind) in today's world where when we face conflict (of any kind) we must ask ourselves whether our usual strategies and 'solutions' are not themselves part of the problem. Violence begets violence and what we resist tends to persist.

I make this distinction as to the Spirit of traditional weapon systems with full respect for those Arts. I think that Iado is one of the most aesthetically beautiful martial Arts I have ever seen. My question is as to the compatibility of Spirit or Intention behind the these arts with the spirit of Aiki.

The issue then is what the relationship is between empty handed techniques and weapons and how the latter can enhance the former (and vice versa). Sensei called this relationship and understanding Riai and emhasised that it was fundamental in understanding his Aikido. Within the Aikido that Saito Sensei taught, my understanding is that weapon training is at the root of empty handed forms in the following principal aspects:

1. Basic footwork, hipwork and handwork. General body dynamics (tai sabaki).
2. The dynamics of distance and timing (maai), the rhythms of blending (awase).
3. Zanshin. The broadening of attention and presence beyond the apparent limits of the engagement with another (or others).

These three areas can be seen to relate to work (awase) with one's self (1), with the other (2) and beyond to include the space or environment 'holding' the event (3). All three need to be in balance. Balance is a prerequisite for being centered and functioning from center.

Some of the advantages of weapon training over taijutsu:
1. Body work as a solo practice (suburi and kata).
2. Self control. There is no armor in Aikido. In advanced blending practices, attention, precision and control are therefore strongly emphasized. The strict observance of etiquette is both necessary for reasons of safety and for the training of attention (Sensei once commented that 'a polite person is an attentive person'). Being attentive to the relational process as it unfolds (Presence), is a central (if not THE central) aspect of Aikido practice.
3. Intensity (of intention) and extension (of feeling).

Takemusu Aiki Bukiwaza, basic overall structure.

Ken.

1. Suburi (7 basic suburi; happo giri)
2. Awase (migi/hidari: non-contact; go/shichi: contact).
3. Kata (5 kumitachi; ki musubi no tachi).

Jo.

1. Suburi (20 jo suburi, happo tsuki) Kata (31 jo no kata; 13 jo no kata)
2. Awase (against tsuki; yokomen, etc)
3. Kumijo.
31 kumijo
10 kumijo.
13 no awase.

Ken & Jo.
7 ken tai jo.

(Note: For a clear, detailed and comprehensive account of Saito Sensei's weapon curriculum please refer to Ethan Weisgard's two volume set, Bukiwaza).

The weapon system basically can thus be understood on three levels. The first level is the level of suburi and kata. At this level we work without a partner on integrating and unifying our body dynamic and joining with the weapon, making it an extension of our feeling. This is the first level of 'blending' with the ground, with ourselves (on all levels) and with the weapon.

The second level is beginning to work on blending with another through simple 'one (or two) step meetings'. This level is very flexible and although there are a few sequences which have become almost as 'fixed' as the kata, it is a wide area of practice open to experimentation and improvisation. From what Saito Sensei told me, the majority of the blending exercises O Sensei would engage in were on this level of 'simple' awase.

Level three. Complex blending through the extended sequences of the kumitachi and kumijo. This level builds naturally upon the previous two and is far more demanding in terms of technical skill and mental/energetic stamina. The different katas and their partner sequences explore specific 'problems' or challenges of maai, intention and blending. The variations are further extensions of this level and again are flexible. Sensei repeatedly stated that the variations of the kumitachi for instance were given as examples and that trainees should explore the possibilities of the advanced forms by devising their own. This is obviously an advanced level of practice.

Overall what can be appreciated is a gradated system of training and progressive development which beautifully complements and enhances the taijutsu aspect of the art when used with understanding. It is a wonderful balance of clarity, precision and flexibility.

Lewis Bernaldo de Quiros. The Netherlands. Mid-winter of 2005.